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# Base vs Radix
API differences between `base` and `radix`. Check the `base` field from `npx shadcn@latest info`.
## Contents
- Composition: asChild vs render
- Button / trigger as non-button element
- Select (items prop, placeholder, positioning, multiple, object values)
- ToggleGroup (type vs multiple)
- Slider (scalar vs array)
- Accordion (type and defaultValue)
---
## Composition: asChild (radix) vs render (base)
Radix uses `asChild` to replace the default element. Base uses `render`. Don't wrap triggers in extra elements.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<DialogTrigger>
<div>
<Button>Open</Button>
</div>
</DialogTrigger>
```
**Correct (radix):**
```tsx
<DialogTrigger asChild>
<Button>Open</Button>
</DialogTrigger>
```
**Correct (base):**
```tsx
<DialogTrigger render={<Button />}>Open</DialogTrigger>
```
This applies to all trigger and close components: `DialogTrigger`, `SheetTrigger`, `AlertDialogTrigger`, `DropdownMenuTrigger`, `PopoverTrigger`, `TooltipTrigger`, `CollapsibleTrigger`, `DialogClose`, `SheetClose`, `NavigationMenuLink`, `BreadcrumbLink`, `SidebarMenuButton`, `Badge`, `Item`.
---
## Button / trigger as non-button element (base only)
When `render` changes an element to a non-button (`<a>`, `<span>`), add `nativeButton={false}`.
**Incorrect (base):** missing `nativeButton={false}`.
```tsx
<Button render={<a href="/docs" />}>Read the docs</Button>
```
**Correct (base):**
```tsx
<Button render={<a href="/docs" />} nativeButton={false}>
Read the docs
</Button>
```
**Correct (radix):**
```tsx
<Button asChild>
<a href="/docs">Read the docs</a>
</Button>
```
Same for triggers whose `render` is not a `Button`:
```tsx
// base.
<PopoverTrigger render={<InputGroupAddon />} nativeButton={false}>
Pick date
</PopoverTrigger>
```
---
## Select
**items prop (base only).** Base requires an `items` prop on the root. Radix uses inline JSX only.
**Incorrect (base):**
```tsx
<Select>
<SelectTrigger><SelectValue placeholder="Select a fruit" /></SelectTrigger>
</Select>
```
**Correct (base):**
```tsx
const items = [
{ label: "Select a fruit", value: null },
{ label: "Apple", value: "apple" },
{ label: "Banana", value: "banana" },
]
<Select items={items}>
<SelectTrigger>
<SelectValue />
</SelectTrigger>
<SelectContent>
<SelectGroup>
{items.map((item) => (
<SelectItem key={item.value} value={item.value}>{item.label}</SelectItem>
))}
</SelectGroup>
</SelectContent>
</Select>
```
**Correct (radix):**
```tsx
<Select>
<SelectTrigger>
<SelectValue placeholder="Select a fruit" />
</SelectTrigger>
<SelectContent>
<SelectGroup>
<SelectItem value="apple">Apple</SelectItem>
<SelectItem value="banana">Banana</SelectItem>
</SelectGroup>
</SelectContent>
</Select>
```
**Placeholder.** Base uses a `{ value: null }` item in the items array. Radix uses `<SelectValue placeholder="...">`.
**Content positioning.** Base uses `alignItemWithTrigger`. Radix uses `position`.
```tsx
// base.
<SelectContent alignItemWithTrigger={false} side="bottom">
// radix.
<SelectContent position="popper">
```
---
## Select — multiple selection and object values (base only)
Base supports `multiple`, render-function children on `SelectValue`, and object values with `itemToStringValue`. Radix is single-select with string values only.
**Correct (base — multiple selection):**
```tsx
<Select items={items} multiple defaultValue={[]}>
<SelectTrigger>
<SelectValue>
{(value: string[]) => value.length === 0 ? "Select fruits" : `${value.length} selected`}
</SelectValue>
</SelectTrigger>
...
</Select>
```
**Correct (base — object values):**
```tsx
<Select defaultValue={plans[0]} itemToStringValue={(plan) => plan.name}>
<SelectTrigger>
<SelectValue>{(value) => value.name}</SelectValue>
</SelectTrigger>
...
</Select>
```
---
## ToggleGroup
Base uses a `multiple` boolean prop. Radix uses `type="single"` or `type="multiple"`.
**Incorrect (base):**
```tsx
<ToggleGroup type="single" defaultValue="daily">
<ToggleGroupItem value="daily">Daily</ToggleGroupItem>
</ToggleGroup>
```
**Correct (base):**
```tsx
// Single (no prop needed), defaultValue is always an array.
<ToggleGroup defaultValue={["daily"]} spacing={2}>
<ToggleGroupItem value="daily">Daily</ToggleGroupItem>
<ToggleGroupItem value="weekly">Weekly</ToggleGroupItem>
</ToggleGroup>
// Multi-selection.
<ToggleGroup multiple>
<ToggleGroupItem value="bold">Bold</ToggleGroupItem>
<ToggleGroupItem value="italic">Italic</ToggleGroupItem>
</ToggleGroup>
```
**Correct (radix):**
```tsx
// Single, defaultValue is a string.
<ToggleGroup type="single" defaultValue="daily" spacing={2}>
<ToggleGroupItem value="daily">Daily</ToggleGroupItem>
<ToggleGroupItem value="weekly">Weekly</ToggleGroupItem>
</ToggleGroup>
// Multi-selection.
<ToggleGroup type="multiple">
<ToggleGroupItem value="bold">Bold</ToggleGroupItem>
<ToggleGroupItem value="italic">Italic</ToggleGroupItem>
</ToggleGroup>
```
**Controlled single value:**
```tsx
// base — wrap/unwrap arrays.
const [value, setValue] = React.useState("normal")
<ToggleGroup value={[value]} onValueChange={(v) => setValue(v[0])}>
// radix — plain string.
const [value, setValue] = React.useState("normal")
<ToggleGroup type="single" value={value} onValueChange={setValue}>
```
---
## Slider
Base accepts a plain number for a single thumb. Radix always requires an array.
**Incorrect (base):**
```tsx
<Slider defaultValue={[50]} max={100} step={1} />
```
**Correct (base):**
```tsx
<Slider defaultValue={50} max={100} step={1} />
```
**Correct (radix):**
```tsx
<Slider defaultValue={[50]} max={100} step={1} />
```
Both use arrays for range sliders. Controlled `onValueChange` in base may need a cast:
```tsx
// base.
const [value, setValue] = React.useState([0.3, 0.7])
<Slider value={value} onValueChange={(v) => setValue(v as number[])} />
// radix.
const [value, setValue] = React.useState([0.3, 0.7])
<Slider value={value} onValueChange={setValue} />
```
---
## Accordion
Radix requires `type="single"` or `type="multiple"` and supports `collapsible`. `defaultValue` is a string. Base uses no `type` prop, uses `multiple` boolean, and `defaultValue` is always an array.
**Incorrect (base):**
```tsx
<Accordion type="single" collapsible defaultValue="item-1">
<AccordionItem value="item-1">...</AccordionItem>
</Accordion>
```
**Correct (base):**
```tsx
<Accordion defaultValue={["item-1"]}>
<AccordionItem value="item-1">...</AccordionItem>
</Accordion>
// Multi-select.
<Accordion multiple defaultValue={["item-1", "item-2"]}>
<AccordionItem value="item-1">...</AccordionItem>
<AccordionItem value="item-2">...</AccordionItem>
</Accordion>
```
**Correct (radix):**
```tsx
<Accordion type="single" collapsible defaultValue="item-1">
<AccordionItem value="item-1">...</AccordionItem>
</Accordion>
```
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# Chat & Messaging
Components for conversation and chat UI. Compose these instead of hand-rolling
bubbles, scroll containers, dividers, or attachment cards.
Install: `npx shadcn@latest add message-scroller message bubble attachment marker trace code-block`
The same component names and props ship for both `base` and `radix`; only
composition differs (`render` vs `asChild`). See [base-vs-radix.md](./base-vs-radix.md).
## Contents
- Scrollable threads use MessageScroller
- Message rows use Message
- Message surfaces use Bubble
- Attachments use Attachment
- System notes and dividers use Marker
- Assistant activity uses Trace
- Code and tool output use CodeBlock
- Streaming, anchoring, and jump-to-latest are built in
- Escape hatch: the scroller hooks
---
## Scrollable threads use MessageScroller
A conversation that scrolls, follows new messages, restores position, or jumps
to a message uses `MessageScroller`. Don't build a raw overflow container with
manual scroll wiring, and don't reach for `ScrollArea`.
The parts nest in a fixed order. Every direct child of the content is wrapped in
a `MessageScrollerItem` so the scroller can measure, anchor, preserve position,
track visibility, and jump to it. `MessageScrollerButton` sits inside
`MessageScroller`, after the viewport.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
// Hand-rolled scroll container with manual stick-to-bottom logic.
<div ref={scrollRef} onScroll={handleScroll} className="flex-1 overflow-y-auto">
<div className="flex flex-col gap-6 p-4">
{messages.map((m) => (
<ChatMessage key={m.id} message={m} />
))}
</div>
</div>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
<MessageScrollerProvider autoScroll>
<MessageScroller>
<MessageScrollerViewport>
<MessageScrollerContent>
{messages.map((message) => (
<MessageScrollerItem
key={message.id}
messageId={message.id}
scrollAnchor={message.role === "user"}
>
<Message align={message.role === "user" ? "end" : "start"}>
{/* ...message content... */}
</Message>
</MessageScrollerItem>
))}
</MessageScrollerContent>
</MessageScrollerViewport>
<MessageScrollerButton />
</MessageScroller>
</MessageScrollerProvider>
```
---
## Message rows use Message
`Message` lays out a single row: avatar, header, content, footer, with
alignment. Group consecutive rows from one sender with `MessageGroup`. Don't
rebuild the row from flex divs.
`align="end"` is the current user's side; `align="start"` is everyone else.
```tsx
<Message align="start">
<MessageAvatar>
<Avatar>
<AvatarImage src={sender.avatar} alt={sender.name} />
<AvatarFallback>{initials}</AvatarFallback>
</Avatar>
</MessageAvatar>
<MessageContent>
<MessageHeader>{sender.name}</MessageHeader>
<Bubble>
<BubbleContent>{text}</BubbleContent>
</Bubble>
<MessageFooter>{time}</MessageFooter>
</MessageContent>
</Message>
```
---
## Message surfaces use Bubble
The colored message surface is `Bubble` + `BubbleContent`, never a styled `div`
with `bg-muted` / `bg-primary` and hand-managed corners.
- `variant`: `default`, `secondary`, `muted`, `tinted`, `outline`, `ghost`, `destructive`.
- `align`: `start` or `end` (matches the `Message` side).
`BubbleReactions` renders the reaction cluster. `side` (`top` | `bottom`) and
`align` (`start` | `end`) position it against the bubble. Don't lay reactions out
with absolutely-positioned `Badge`s.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<div className="w-fit rounded-2xl bg-primary px-3 py-2 text-primary-foreground">
{text}
</div>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
<Bubble variant="default" align="end">
<BubbleContent>{text}</BubbleContent>
<BubbleReactions side="bottom" align="end">
<Badge variant="secondary">👍 2</Badge>
</BubbleReactions>
</Bubble>
```
---
## Attachments use Attachment
File and image attachments use `Attachment`, not `Item` or a custom card. It
carries upload state, so wire `state` to the real status rather than rendering a
separate spinner.
- `state`: `idle`, `uploading`, `processing`, `error`, `done`. `uploading` and
`processing` apply the `shimmer` animation to the title automatically.
- `size`: `default`, `sm`, `xs`. `orientation`: `horizontal`, `vertical`.
- Use `AttachmentGroup` to lay out several attachments in a scrolling row.
```tsx
<Attachment state="done">
<AttachmentMedia variant="icon">
<FileTextIcon />
</AttachmentMedia>
<AttachmentContent>
<AttachmentTitle>homepage-feedback.pdf</AttachmentTitle>
<AttachmentDescription>PDF · 2.4 MB</AttachmentDescription>
</AttachmentContent>
<AttachmentActions>
<AttachmentAction>
<DownloadIcon />
</AttachmentAction>
</AttachmentActions>
</Attachment>
```
For an image, use `<AttachmentMedia variant="image">` with an `img` child.
---
## System notes and dividers use Marker
Status lines ("Sarah joined the conversation"), date dividers ("Today"), and
labeled separators are `Marker`, not a `Separator` plus a centered span.
- `variant`: `default` (plain row), `separator` (centered label with rules on
each side), `border` (bottom-bordered row).
- `MarkerIcon` holds a leading icon; `MarkerContent` holds the label.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<div className="flex items-center gap-3 py-2">
<Separator className="flex-1" />
<span className="text-xs text-muted-foreground">Today</span>
<Separator className="flex-1" />
</div>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
<Marker variant="separator">
<MarkerContent>Today</MarkerContent>
</Marker>
```
---
## Assistant activity uses Trace
What the assistant did or is doing (reasoning, tool calls, chain of thought,
steps, sources, file reads) is a `TraceLine` in a `Trace`, not a hand-rolled
`Collapsible` or a `Marker`. One line reports one thing; it may have detail.
- `TraceLine` is always the line: a `TraceIcon` and a `TraceTitle`, then an
optional `TraceDescription` for a count, a duration or a diff stat. `status`
goes on the `TraceLine`. Never hand-roll a span for secondary text.
- Behavior wraps the line. To make a line do something, wrap it in that thing's
trigger:
- nothing to open: the `TraceLine` alone;
- expands: `TraceCollapsible` > `TraceCollapsibleTrigger` > `TraceLine`, then
`TraceCollapsibleContent`. The trigger adds its own chevron;
- link: `<a href>` > `TraceLine`;
- overlay: `<SheetTrigger>` > `TraceLine` (Dialog, Drawer and Popover the
same). Aria: `<DialogTrigger><Button>` > `TraceLine`, with React Aria's
`Button`.
- Never make the line the trigger: no `asChild` or `render={<TraceLine />}` on
a trigger. The trigger must stay a real button.
- A `TraceCollapsibleTrigger` always has a `TraceCollapsibleContent`. A tool row
is a `TraceLine` until its output arrives, then a `TraceCollapsible`.
- Rows rendered from message parts go in one `Trace` per run of parts. A text
part or a pending approval ends the run. A heading for a run is plain text
above it, or a collapsible summary row.
- A pending approval (`approval-requested`) is a prompt, not a row. Render it
outside `Trace` as an `Item` with Approve and Deny in `ItemActions`. See
/docs/ai-elements/base/confirmation. Once answered, the tool part is a line
again.
- A summary (sources, a task, a whole turn) is a `TraceCollapsible` whose
`TraceCollapsibleContent` holds a `Trace`. Set the parent line's status and
title from its children yourself.
- `status` is `"running"`, `"error"` or `"pending"` (a plan step that has not
started), or omitted. The words agree: Running, Ran, Failed to run. Never dim
a line with `opacity-*`. Map SDK states yourself; never pass one through.
- Add a trailing `TraceIcon` only for a link (arrow-up-right for a new tab, with
sr-only " (opens in a new tab)" in the `TraceTitle`) or an overlay
(chevron-right).
- Open state goes on `TraceCollapsible`: `defaultOpen`, or `open` with
`onOpenChange` (aria: `defaultExpanded`, or `isExpanded` with
`onExpandedChange`).
- Use `Marker` for notes and dividers between turns, not for activity.
- A checkpoint marks a turn the reader can return to. Render a `Marker`
separator after that message, with a Button that calls `setMessages` with the
messages up to and including it. See /docs/ai-elements/base/checkpoint.
- A folder of files is nested `Collapsible`s, one folder per row, and a file is
a `Button`. See /docs/ai-elements/base/file-tree. A single file the assistant
read is still a `TraceLine`.
- A person's turn is a `Message` with `align="end"` and a `Bubble`. The
assistant's answer is a `Message`. See /docs/ai-elements/base/message.
- A thread is those turns in `MessageScroller`. The person's turn is the
`scrollAnchor`, and `autoScroll` follows the reply. See
/docs/ai-elements/base/chat.
- A prompt is an `InputGroup`: a textarea, an attachment chip, and a submit
button. See /docs/ai-elements/base/prompt-input.
- A suggestion is a `Button` that sends its label with `sendMessage({ text })`.
See /docs/ai-elements/base/suggestion.
- A model picker is a `DropdownMenu` with a `DropdownMenuRadioGroup`, next to a
second one for effort. Send the selected ids on `sendMessage` as
`body.model` and `body.effort`. See /docs/ai-elements/base/model-selector.
- An inline citation is a `HoverCard` on a short `Button` in the sentence, from
a `source-url` part. See /docs/ai-elements/base/inline-citation. A list of
sources after the answer is still Sources.
- Context usage is a `HoverCard` with `Progress`, read from message metadata
`usage`. The window size is the model's limit. See
/docs/ai-elements/base/context.
- Asked for an AI Elements component such as Tool, Reasoning, Chain of Thought,
Task, Plan, Sources or Subagent? It is a component page built with Trace (for example
/docs/ai-elements/base/tool). Install `trace` and copy the composition.
Message is one turn (/docs/ai-elements/base/message). Chat is the thread in
Message Scroller (/docs/ai-elements/base/chat). Checkpoint is a Marker
(/docs/ai-elements/base/checkpoint). File Tree is nested
Collapsibles (/docs/ai-elements/base/file-tree). Confirmation is an Item
(/docs/ai-elements/base/confirmation). Prompt Input is an Input Group
(/docs/ai-elements/base/prompt-input). Suggestion is a Button
(/docs/ai-elements/base/suggestion). Model Selector is a Dropdown Menu
(/docs/ai-elements/base/model-selector). Inline Citation is a Hover Card
(/docs/ai-elements/base/inline-citation). Context is a Hover Card and Progress
(/docs/ai-elements/base/context).
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
const [open, setOpen] = useState(true)
<Collapsible open={open} onOpenChange={setOpen}>
<CollapsibleTrigger className="text-sm text-muted-foreground">
{isStreaming ? "Thinking..." : "Thought for a few seconds"}
</CollapsibleTrigger>
<CollapsibleContent>{part.text}</CollapsibleContent>
</Collapsible>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
<TraceCollapsible>
<TraceCollapsibleTrigger>
<TraceLine status={running ? "running" : undefined}>
<TraceIcon>
<BrainIcon />
</TraceIcon>
<TraceTitle>{running ? "Thinking" : "Thought"}</TraceTitle>
</TraceLine>
</TraceCollapsibleTrigger>
<TraceCollapsibleContent>{part.text}</TraceCollapsibleContent>
</TraceCollapsible>
```
**Incorrect:** a tool row whose output may not exist yet.
```tsx
<TraceCollapsible>
<TraceCollapsibleTrigger>
<TraceLine status={status}>…</TraceLine>
</TraceCollapsibleTrigger>
{output && <TraceCollapsibleContent>{output}</TraceCollapsibleContent>}
</TraceCollapsible>
```
**Correct:** a `TraceLine` until there is something to open.
```tsx
function ToolRow({
icon,
title,
status,
output,
}: {
icon: React.ReactNode
title: string
status?: "running" | "error"
output?: string
}) {
const line = (
<TraceLine status={status}>
<TraceIcon>{icon}</TraceIcon>
<TraceTitle>{title}</TraceTitle>
</TraceLine>
)
if (output === undefined) {
return line
}
return (
<TraceCollapsible>
<TraceCollapsibleTrigger>{line}</TraceCollapsibleTrigger>
<TraceCollapsibleContent>
<CodeBlock size="sm">
<CodeBlockContent wrap className="max-h-64">
{output}
</CodeBlockContent>
</CodeBlock>
</TraceCollapsibleContent>
</TraceCollapsible>
)
}
```
**Incorrect:** the trigger renders as the line, so it is a span.
```tsx
<Sheet>
<SheetTrigger asChild>
<TraceLine>…</TraceLine>
</SheetTrigger>
</Sheet>
```
**Correct:** sources, each link wrapping its own line.
```tsx
<TraceCollapsible>
<TraceCollapsibleTrigger>
<TraceLine>
<TraceIcon>
<GlobeIcon />
</TraceIcon>
<TraceTitle>Used {sources.length} sources</TraceTitle>
</TraceLine>
</TraceCollapsibleTrigger>
<TraceCollapsibleContent>
<Trace>
{sources.map((source) => (
<a key={source.url} href={source.url} target="_blank" rel="noreferrer">
<TraceLine>
<TraceIcon>
<GlobeIcon />
</TraceIcon>
<TraceTitle>
{source.title}
<span className="sr-only"> (opens in a new tab)</span>
</TraceTitle>
<TraceIcon>
<ArrowUpRightIcon />
</TraceIcon>
</TraceLine>
</a>
))}
</Trace>
</TraceCollapsibleContent>
</TraceCollapsible>
```
---
## Code and tool output use CodeBlock
Code, terminal output, tool input and output, logs, stack traces and diffs are
a `CodeBlock`, never a hand-rolled `<pre>`.
- `CodeBlockContent` takes a string. Add `wrap` for tool output and errors,
`lineNumbers` for source, and a `max-h-*` class to cap the height.
- Errors use `variant="destructive"` on `CodeBlock`. Don't recolor the block.
- For diffs and highlighted lines, map each line to a `CodeBlockLine` with
`variant="added"`, `"removed"` or `"highlighted"`.
- `CodeBlockCopyButton` takes the text to copy as `value`.
- Output inside a Trace row is `size="sm"` with `wrap` and `max-h-64`, so long
output wraps and scrolls inside the row. Docs, Markdown fences and chat
answers use the default size.
- Header buttons go in `CodeBlockActions`. With no header, put
`CodeBlockActions` directly in `CodeBlock`; it floats and shows on hover.
- `code-block` installs `use-highlighted-code`. For source code, map the lines
of `useHighlightedCode(code, language)` into `CodeBlockLine`. In a Server
Component, use `await highlightCode(code, language)` instead. Don't
highlight tool output; pass the string.
- `startLine` numbers a snippet from the middle of a file.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<pre className="rounded-md bg-muted p-3 font-mono text-xs whitespace-pre-wrap">
{output}
</pre>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
<CodeBlock>
<CodeBlockHeader>
<CodeBlockTitle>Output</CodeBlockTitle>
<CodeBlockActions>
<CodeBlockCopyButton value={output} />
</CodeBlockActions>
</CodeBlockHeader>
<CodeBlockContent wrap className="max-h-72">
{output}
</CodeBlockContent>
</CodeBlock>
```
---
## Streaming, anchoring, and jump-to-latest are built in
`MessageScroller` handles the behavior that chat UIs usually reinvent. Don't
write a `useStickToBottom` hook, a `ResizeObserver`, or manual `scrollTop` math.
- **Follow the live edge while streaming.** `MessageScrollerProvider` with
`autoScroll` keeps the view pinned to new content and yields the moment the
user scrolls up. Streaming token updates that grow the last message are
followed automatically.
- **Anchor a turn.** `scrollAnchor` on a `MessageScrollerItem` marks the row to
hold in view (typically the user's message that started the turn).
- **Jump to latest.** `MessageScrollerButton` appears when the user scrolls away
and scrolls back on click. `direction="end"` (default) or `direction="start"`.
It is a self-managing control, so don't gate it behind your own scroll-position
state.
- **Open a saved transcript without a flash.** `defaultScrollPosition` applies
after mount. When it is `"end"` or `"last-anchor"`, the viewport has
`data-pending-scroll` until that position is applied. The styled viewport
hides. For `"end"` on first paint when messages are in the server HTML, copy
this script into the page, not into the primitive. Skip it for `"last-anchor"`
and for client-fetched messages. Keep `suppressHydrationWarning` on the
viewport. Pass a `nonce` if you use a Content Security Policy.
```tsx
const scrollToEndScript = `(function () {
var viewport = document.getElementById("messages")
if (!viewport) {
return
}
viewport.scrollTop = viewport.scrollHeight
viewport.removeAttribute("data-pending-scroll")
})()`
<MessageScroller>
<MessageScrollerViewport id="messages" suppressHydrationWarning>
<MessageScrollerContent>{/* transcript */}</MessageScrollerContent>
</MessageScrollerViewport>
<script dangerouslySetInnerHTML={{ __html: scrollToEndScript }} />
<MessageScrollerButton />
</MessageScroller>
```
For a "thinking…" indicator while the model generates, apply the `shimmer`
utility to text. Don't author a custom keyframe animation. See
[styling.md](./styling.md).
---
## Escape hatch: the scroller hooks
For behavior the parts don't expose, read state from the hooks rather than
re-implementing the scroller: `useMessageScroller`,
`useMessageScrollerVisibility`, and `useMessageScrollerScrollable`. They come
from the auto-installed `@shadcn/react` dependency, so there's nothing extra to
install. Reach for them only when composition can't express what you need.
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# Component Composition
## Contents
- Items always inside their Group component
- Callouts use Alert
- Empty states use Empty component
- Toast notifications follow the project base
- Choosing between overlay components
- Dialog, Sheet, and Drawer always need a Title
- Card structure
- Button has no isPending or isLoading prop
- TabsTrigger must be inside TabsList
- Avatar always needs AvatarFallback
- Use Separator instead of raw hr or border divs
- Use Skeleton for loading placeholders
- Use Badge instead of custom styled spans
---
## Items always inside their Group component
Never render items directly inside the content container.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<SelectContent>
<SelectItem value="apple">Apple</SelectItem>
<SelectItem value="banana">Banana</SelectItem>
</SelectContent>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
<SelectContent>
<SelectGroup>
<SelectItem value="apple">Apple</SelectItem>
<SelectItem value="banana">Banana</SelectItem>
</SelectGroup>
</SelectContent>
```
This applies to all group-based components:
| Item | Group |
|------|-------|
| `SelectItem`, `SelectLabel` | `SelectGroup` |
| `DropdownMenuItem`, `DropdownMenuLabel`, `DropdownMenuSub` | `DropdownMenuGroup` |
| `MenubarItem` | `MenubarGroup` |
| `ContextMenuItem` | `ContextMenuGroup` |
| `CommandItem` | `CommandGroup` |
| `MessageScrollerItem` | `MessageScrollerContent` |
| `Message` (consecutive, same sender) | `MessageGroup` |
| `Bubble` (stacked) | `BubbleGroup` |
| `Attachment` (in a row) | `AttachmentGroup` |
Chat components nest in a fixed order (`MessageScrollerProvider` → `MessageScroller` → `MessageScrollerViewport` → `MessageScrollerContent` → `MessageScrollerItem`). See [chat.md](./chat.md).
---
## Callouts use Alert
```tsx
<Alert>
<AlertTitle>Warning</AlertTitle>
<AlertDescription>Something needs attention.</AlertDescription>
</Alert>
```
---
## Empty states use Empty component
```tsx
<Empty>
<EmptyHeader>
<EmptyMedia variant="icon"><FolderIcon /></EmptyMedia>
<EmptyTitle>No projects yet</EmptyTitle>
<EmptyDescription>Get started by creating a new project.</EmptyDescription>
</EmptyHeader>
<EmptyContent>
<Button>Create Project</Button>
</EmptyContent>
</Empty>
```
---
## Toast notifications follow the project base
For Base UI projects, use the `toast` component:
```tsx
import { toast } from "@/components/ui/toast"
toast.add({
title: "Changes saved.",
})
```
For Radix and React Aria projects, use Sonner:
```tsx
import { toast } from "sonner"
toast.success("Changes saved.")
toast.error("Something went wrong.")
toast("File deleted.", {
action: { label: "Undo", onClick: () => undoDelete() },
})
```
---
## Choosing between overlay components
| Use case | Component |
|----------|-----------|
| Focused task that requires input | `Dialog` |
| Destructive action confirmation | `AlertDialog` |
| Side panel with details or filters | `Sheet` |
| Mobile-first bottom panel | `Drawer` |
| Quick info on hover | `HoverCard` |
| Small contextual content on click | `Popover` |
---
## Dialog, Sheet, and Drawer always need a Title
`DialogTitle`, `SheetTitle`, `DrawerTitle` are required for accessibility. Use `className="sr-only"` if visually hidden.
```tsx
<DialogContent>
<DialogHeader>
<DialogTitle>Edit Profile</DialogTitle>
<DialogDescription>Update your profile.</DialogDescription>
</DialogHeader>
...
</DialogContent>
```
---
## Card structure
Use full composition — don't dump everything into `CardContent`:
```tsx
<Card>
<CardHeader>
<CardTitle>Team Members</CardTitle>
<CardDescription>Manage your team.</CardDescription>
</CardHeader>
<CardContent>...</CardContent>
<CardFooter>
<Button>Invite</Button>
</CardFooter>
</Card>
```
---
## Button has no isPending or isLoading prop
Compose with `Spinner` + `data-icon` + `disabled`:
```tsx
<Button disabled>
<Spinner data-icon="inline-start" />
Saving...
</Button>
```
---
## TabsTrigger must be inside TabsList
Never render `TabsTrigger` directly inside `Tabs` — always wrap in `TabsList`:
```tsx
<Tabs defaultValue="account">
<TabsList>
<TabsTrigger value="account">Account</TabsTrigger>
<TabsTrigger value="password">Password</TabsTrigger>
</TabsList>
<TabsContent value="account">...</TabsContent>
</Tabs>
```
---
## Avatar always needs AvatarFallback
Always include `AvatarFallback` for when the image fails to load:
```tsx
<Avatar>
<AvatarImage src="/avatar.png" alt="User" />
<AvatarFallback>JD</AvatarFallback>
</Avatar>
```
---
## Use existing components instead of custom markup
| Instead of | Use |
|---|---|
| `<hr>` or `<div className="border-t">` | `<Separator />` |
| `<div className="animate-pulse">` with styled divs | `<Skeleton className="h-4 w-3/4" />` |
| `<span className="rounded-full bg-green-100 ...">` | `<Badge variant="secondary">` |
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# Forms & Inputs
## Contents
- Forms use FieldGroup + Field
- InputGroup requires InputGroupInput/InputGroupTextarea
- Buttons inside inputs use InputGroup + InputGroupAddon
- Option sets (2–7 choices) use ToggleGroup
- FieldSet + FieldLegend for grouping related fields
- Field validation and disabled states
---
## Forms use FieldGroup + Field
Always use `FieldGroup` + `Field` — never raw `div` with `space-y-*`:
```tsx
<FieldGroup>
<Field>
<FieldLabel htmlFor="email">Email</FieldLabel>
<Input id="email" type="email" />
</Field>
<Field>
<FieldLabel htmlFor="password">Password</FieldLabel>
<Input id="password" type="password" />
</Field>
</FieldGroup>
```
Use `Field orientation="horizontal"` for settings pages. Use `FieldLabel className="sr-only"` for visually hidden labels.
**Choosing form controls:**
- Simple text input → `Input`
- Dropdown with predefined options → `Select`
- Searchable dropdown → `Combobox`
- Native HTML select (no JS) → `native-select`
- Boolean toggle → `Switch` (for settings) or `Checkbox` (for forms)
- Single choice from few options → `RadioGroup`
- Toggle between 2–5 options → `ToggleGroup` + `ToggleGroupItem`
- OTP/verification code → `InputOTP`
- Multi-line text → `Textarea`
---
## InputGroup requires InputGroupInput/InputGroupTextarea
Never use raw `Input` or `Textarea` inside an `InputGroup`.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<InputGroup>
<Input placeholder="Search..." />
</InputGroup>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
import { InputGroup, InputGroupInput } from "@/components/ui/input-group"
<InputGroup>
<InputGroupInput placeholder="Search..." />
</InputGroup>
```
---
## Buttons inside inputs use InputGroup + InputGroupAddon
Never place a `Button` directly inside or adjacent to an `Input` with custom positioning.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<div className="relative">
<Input placeholder="Search..." className="pr-10" />
<Button className="absolute right-0 top-0" size="icon">
<SearchIcon />
</Button>
</div>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
import { InputGroup, InputGroupInput, InputGroupAddon } from "@/components/ui/input-group"
<InputGroup>
<InputGroupInput placeholder="Search..." />
<InputGroupAddon>
<Button size="icon">
<SearchIcon data-icon="inline-start" />
</Button>
</InputGroupAddon>
</InputGroup>
```
---
## Option sets (2–7 choices) use ToggleGroup
Don't manually loop `Button` components with active state.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
const [selected, setSelected] = useState("daily")
<div className="flex gap-2">
{["daily", "weekly", "monthly"].map((option) => (
<Button
key={option}
variant={selected === option ? "default" : "outline"}
onClick={() => setSelected(option)}
>
{option}
</Button>
))}
</div>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
import { ToggleGroup, ToggleGroupItem } from "@/components/ui/toggle-group"
<ToggleGroup spacing={2}>
<ToggleGroupItem value="daily">Daily</ToggleGroupItem>
<ToggleGroupItem value="weekly">Weekly</ToggleGroupItem>
<ToggleGroupItem value="monthly">Monthly</ToggleGroupItem>
</ToggleGroup>
```
Combine with `Field` for labelled toggle groups:
```tsx
<Field orientation="horizontal">
<FieldTitle id="theme-label">Theme</FieldTitle>
<ToggleGroup aria-labelledby="theme-label" spacing={2}>
<ToggleGroupItem value="light">Light</ToggleGroupItem>
<ToggleGroupItem value="dark">Dark</ToggleGroupItem>
<ToggleGroupItem value="system">System</ToggleGroupItem>
</ToggleGroup>
</Field>
```
> **Note:** `defaultValue` and `type`/`multiple` props differ between base and radix. See [base-vs-radix.md](./base-vs-radix.md#togglegroup).
---
## FieldSet + FieldLegend for grouping related fields
Use `FieldSet` + `FieldLegend` for related checkboxes, radios, or switches — not `div` with a heading:
```tsx
<FieldSet>
<FieldLegend variant="label">Preferences</FieldLegend>
<FieldDescription>Select all that apply.</FieldDescription>
<FieldGroup className="gap-3">
<Field orientation="horizontal">
<Checkbox id="dark" />
<FieldLabel htmlFor="dark" className="font-normal">Dark mode</FieldLabel>
</Field>
</FieldGroup>
</FieldSet>
```
---
## Field validation and disabled states
Both attributes are needed — `data-invalid`/`data-disabled` styles the field (label, description), while `aria-invalid`/`disabled` styles the control.
```tsx
// Invalid.
<Field data-invalid>
<FieldLabel htmlFor="email">Email</FieldLabel>
<Input id="email" aria-invalid />
<FieldDescription>Invalid email address.</FieldDescription>
</Field>
// Disabled.
<Field data-disabled>
<FieldLabel htmlFor="email">Email</FieldLabel>
<Input id="email" disabled />
</Field>
```
Works for all controls: `Input`, `Textarea`, `Select`, `Checkbox`, `RadioGroupItem`, `Switch`, `Slider`, `NativeSelect`, `InputOTP`.
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# Icons
**Always use the project's configured `iconLibrary` for imports.** Check the `iconLibrary` field from project context: `lucide` → `lucide-react`, `tabler` → `@tabler/icons-react`, etc. Never assume `lucide-react`.
---
## Icons in Button use data-icon attribute
Add `data-icon="inline-start"` (prefix) or `data-icon="inline-end"` (suffix) to the icon. No sizing classes on the icon.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<Button>
<SearchIcon className="mr-2 size-4" />
Search
</Button>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
<Button>
<SearchIcon data-icon="inline-start"/>
Search
</Button>
<Button>
Next
<ArrowRightIcon data-icon="inline-end"/>
</Button>
```
---
## No sizing classes on icons inside components
Components handle icon sizing via CSS. Don't add `size-4`, `w-4 h-4`, or other sizing classes to icons inside `Button`, `DropdownMenuItem`, `Alert`, `Sidebar*`, or other shadcn components. Unless the user explicitly asks for custom icon sizes.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<Button>
<SearchIcon className="size-4" data-icon="inline-start" />
Search
</Button>
<DropdownMenuItem>
<SettingsIcon className="mr-2 size-4" />
Settings
</DropdownMenuItem>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
<Button>
<SearchIcon data-icon="inline-start" />
Search
</Button>
<DropdownMenuItem>
<SettingsIcon />
Settings
</DropdownMenuItem>
```
---
## Pass icons as component objects, not string keys
Use `icon={CheckIcon}`, not a string key to a lookup map.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
const iconMap = {
check: CheckIcon,
alert: AlertIcon,
}
function StatusBadge({ icon }: { icon: string }) {
const Icon = iconMap[icon]
return <Icon />
}
<StatusBadge icon="check" />
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
// Import from the project's configured iconLibrary (e.g. lucide-react, @tabler/icons-react).
import { CheckIcon } from "lucide-react"
function StatusBadge({ icon: Icon }: { icon: React.ComponentType }) {
return <Icon />
}
<StatusBadge icon={CheckIcon} />
```
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# Styling & Customization
See [customization.md](../customization.md) for theming, CSS variables, and adding custom colors.
## Contents
- Semantic colors
- Built-in variants first
- className for layout only
- No space-x-* / space-y-*
- Prefer size-* over w-* h-* when equal
- Prefer truncate shorthand
- No manual dark: color overrides
- Use cn() for conditional classes
- No manual z-index on overlay components
- Use shimmer / scroll-fade utilities, not custom animations
---
## Semantic colors
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<div className="bg-blue-500 text-white">
<p className="text-gray-600">Secondary text</p>
</div>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
<div className="bg-primary text-primary-foreground">
<p className="text-muted-foreground">Secondary text</p>
</div>
```
---
## No raw color values for status/state indicators
For positive, negative, or status indicators, use Badge variants, semantic tokens like `text-destructive`, or define custom CSS variables — don't reach for raw Tailwind colors.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<span className="text-emerald-600">+20.1%</span>
<span className="text-green-500">Active</span>
<span className="text-red-600">-3.2%</span>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
<Badge variant="secondary">+20.1%</Badge>
<Badge>Active</Badge>
<span className="text-destructive">-3.2%</span>
```
If you need a success/positive color that doesn't exist as a semantic token, use a Badge variant or ask the user about adding a custom CSS variable to the theme (see [customization.md](../customization.md)).
---
## Built-in variants first
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<Button className="border border-input bg-transparent hover:bg-accent">
Click me
</Button>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
<Button variant="outline">Click me</Button>
```
---
## className for layout only
Use `className` for layout (e.g. `max-w-md`, `mx-auto`, `mt-4`), **not** for overriding component colors or typography. To change colors, use semantic tokens, built-in variants, or CSS variables.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<Card className="bg-blue-100 text-blue-900 font-bold">
<CardContent>Dashboard</CardContent>
</Card>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
<Card className="max-w-md mx-auto">
<CardContent>Dashboard</CardContent>
</Card>
```
To customize a component's appearance, prefer these approaches in order:
1. **Built-in variants** — `variant="outline"`, `variant="destructive"`, etc.
2. **Semantic color tokens** — `bg-primary`, `text-muted-foreground`.
3. **CSS variables** — define custom colors in the global CSS file (see [customization.md](../customization.md)).
---
## No space-x-* / space-y-*
Use `gap-*` instead. `space-y-4` → `flex flex-col gap-4`. `space-x-2` → `flex gap-2`.
```tsx
<div className="flex flex-col gap-4">
<Input />
<Input />
<Button>Submit</Button>
</div>
```
---
## Prefer size-* over w-* h-* when equal
`size-10` not `w-10 h-10`. Applies to icons, avatars, skeletons, etc.
---
## Prefer truncate shorthand
`truncate` not `overflow-hidden text-ellipsis whitespace-nowrap`.
---
## No manual dark: color overrides
Use semantic tokens — they handle light/dark via CSS variables. `bg-background text-foreground` not `bg-white dark:bg-gray-950`.
---
## Use cn() for conditional classes
Use the `cn()` utility from the project for conditional or merged class names. Don't write manual ternaries in className strings.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<div className={`flex items-center ${isActive ? "bg-primary text-primary-foreground" : "bg-muted"}`}>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
import { cn } from "cn"
<div className={cn("flex items-center", isActive ? "bg-primary text-primary-foreground" : "bg-muted")}>
```
---
## No manual z-index on overlay components
`Dialog`, `Sheet`, `Drawer`, `AlertDialog`, `DropdownMenu`, `Popover`, `Tooltip`, `HoverCard` handle their own stacking. Never add `z-50` or `z-[999]`.
---
## Use shimmer / scroll-fade utilities, not custom animations
For a live "thinking…" or loading-text shimmer, apply the `shimmer` utility. Don't author a custom `@keyframes` or a `bg-clip-text` gradient sweep.
For scroll-aware edge fading on a scroll container, use `scroll-fade` (and the axis variants `scroll-fade-x` / `scroll-fade-b`). Don't hand-roll mask gradients. The chat components already apply these internally: `Attachment` shimmers its title during upload, and `MessageScrollerViewport` fades its edges.
**Incorrect:**
```tsx
<span className="animate-pulse bg-gradient-to-r from-muted-foreground/40 via-foreground/70 to-muted-foreground/40 bg-clip-text text-transparent [animation:shimmer_1.6s_infinite]">
Thinking…
</span>
```
**Correct:**
```tsx
<span className="shimmer">Thinking…</span>
```